Tribenzor provided as a tablet for oral administration, is a fixed combination of olmesartan medoxomil (ARB), amlodipine (CCB), and hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide diuretic). Olmesartan medoxomil, a prodrug, is hydrolyzed to olmesartan during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The olmesartan medoxomil component of Tribenzor is chemically described as 2,3-dihydroxy-2-butenyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-propyl-1-[ p-(o- 1 H -tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]imidazole-5-carboxylate, cyclic 2,3-carbonate. Its empirical formula is C 29 H 30 N 6 O 6 . The amlodipine besylate component of Tribenzor is chemically described as 3-ethyl-5-methyl (±)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, monobenzenesulphonate. Its empirical formula is C 20 H 25 ClN 2 O 5 •C 6 H 6 O 3 S. The hydrochlorothiazide component of Tribenzor is chemically described as 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2 H -1,2,4-benzo-thiazidiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide. Its empirical formula is C 7 H 8 ClN 3 O 4 S 2 . The structural formula for olmesartan medoxomil is: The structural formula for amlodipine besylate is: The structural formula for hydrochlorothiazide is: Tribenzor contains olmesartan medoxomil, a white to light yellowish-white powder or crystalline powder, amlodipine besylate, a white to off-white crystalline powder, and hydrochlorothiazide, a white or practically white, crystalline powder. The molecular weights of olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate, and hydrochlorothiazide are 558.6, 567.1, and 297.7, respectively. Olmesartan medoxomil is practically insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol. Amlodipine besylate is slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Hydrochlorothiazide is slightly soluble in water but freely soluble in sodium hydroxide solution. Each tablet of Tribenzor also contains the following inactive ingredients: silicified microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The color coating contains polyvinyl alcohol, macrogol/polyethylene glycol 3350, titanium dioxide, talc, iron oxide yellow (20 /5 /12.5 mg, 40 /5 /12.5 mg, 40 /5 /25 mg, 40 /10 /12.5 mg, and 40 /10 /25 mg tablets), iron oxide red (20 /5 /12.5 mg, 40 /10 /12.5 mg, and 40 /10 /25 mg tablets), and iron oxide black (20 /5 /12.5 mg tablets). The structural formula for olmesartan medoxomil is hydrolyzed to olmesartan during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The structural formula for amlodipine besylate is chemically described as 3 ethyl 5-methyl (±)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, monobenzene The structural formula for hydrochlorothiazide is chemically described as 6 chloro 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzo-thiazidiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide. Its empirical formula is C7H8CIN3O4S2.

Tribenzor is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, alone or with other antihypertensive agents, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including the class to which this drug principally belongs. There are no controlled trials demonstrating risk reduction with Tribenzor. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Limitations of Use This fixed combination drug is not indicated for the initial therapy of hypertension . Tribenzor is a combination of olmesartan medoxomil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, and hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions.. Limitations of Use Tribenzor is not indicated for initial therapy.

Tribenzor tablets are available in the following strength combinations: 20/5/12.5 40/5/12.5 40/5/25 40/10/12.5 40/10/25 Olmesartan medoxomil (mg) 20 40 40 40 40 Amlodipine equivalent (mg) 5 5 5 10 10 Hydrochlorothiazide (mg) 12.5 12.5 25 12.5 25 Tablets: (olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide) 20 /5 /12.5 mg, 40 /5 /12.5 mg, 40 /5 /25 mg, 40 /10 /12.5 mg, 40 /10 /25 mg

Dose once daily. Dosage may be increased in 2-week intervals, as needed. The maximum recommended dose of Tribenzor is 40/10/25 mg. Dose selection should be individualized based on previous therapy. Dose once daily. Dosage may be increased after 2 weeks to a maximum dose of 40 /10 /25 mg once daily. Dose selection should be individualized based on previous therapy.

Hypotension: Correct volume or salt depletion prior to administration.. Monitor renal function and potassium in susceptible patients Increased angina or myocardial infarction with calcium channel blockers may occur upon dosage initiation or increase. Observe for signs of fluid or electrolyte imbalance. Exacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Acute angle-closure glaucoma. Sprue-like enteropathy has been reported. Consider discontinuation of Tribenzor in cases where no other etiology is found

Fetal Toxicity Olmesartan medoxomil. Tribenzor can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue Tribenzor as soon as possible [ see Use in specific Populations ( 8.1 ]. Hydrochlorothiazide. Thiazides cross the placental barrier and appear in cord blood. Adverse reactions include fetal or neonatal jaundice and thrombocytopenia

Hypotension in Volume- or Salt-Depleted Patients Olmesartan medoxomil. In patients with an activated renin-angiotensin system, such as volume- and/or salt-depleted patients (e.g., those being treated with high doses of diuretics) symptomatic hypotension may be anticipated after initiation of treatment with olmesartan medoxomil. Initiate treatment with Tribenzor under close medical supervision. If hypotension does occur, place the patient in the supine position and, if necessary, give an intravenous infusion of normal saline. A transient hypotensive response is not a contraindication to further treatment, which usually can be continued without difficulty once the blood pressure has stabilized. Amlodipine. Symptomatic hypotension is possible, particularly in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Because of the gradual onset of action, acute hypotension is unlikely

Increased Angina and /or Myocardial Infarction Amlodipine. Patients, particularly those with severe obstructive coronary artery disease, may develop increased frequency, duration, or severity of angina or acute myocardial infarction upon starting calcium channel blocker therapy or at the time of dosage increase. The mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated

Impaired Renal Function Tribenzor. Impaired renal function was reported in 2.1% of subjects receiving Tribenzor compared to 0.2% to 1.3% of subjects receiving dual combination therapy of olmesartan medoxomil and amlodipine, olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide or amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide. If progressive renal impairment becomes evident consider withholding or discontinuing Tribenzor. Olmesartan medoxomil. Changes in renal function occur in some individuals treated with olmesartan medoxomil as a consequence of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In patients whose renal function may depend upon the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (e.g., patients with severe congestive heart failure), treatment with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists has been associated with oliguria or progressive azotemia and (rarely) with acute renal failure and/or death. Similar effects may occur in patients treated with Tribenzor due to the olmesartan medoxomil component [ see Drug Interactions and Clinical Pharmacology ] . In studies of ACE inhibitors in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, increases in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) have been reported. There has been no long-term use of olmesartan medoxomil in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, but similar effects would be expected with Tribenzor because of the olmesartan medoxomil component. Hydrochlorothiazide. Thiazides may precipitate azotemia in patients with renal disease. Cumulative effects of the drug may develop in patients with impaired renal function

Patients with Hepatic Impairment Amlodipine. Since amlodipine is extensively metabolized by the liver and the plasma elimination half-life (t 1/2 ) is 56 hours in patients with severely impaired hepatic function, titrate slowly when administering to patients with severe hepatic impairment

Electrolyte and Metabolic Imbalances Tribenzor contains hydrochlorothiazide which can cause hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia can result in hypokalemia which may be difficult to treat despite potassium repletion. Tribenzor also contains olmesartan, a drug that affects the RAS. Drugs that inhibit the RAS can also cause hyperkalemia. Hydrochlorothiazide may alter glucose tolerance and raise serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. Hyperuricemia may occur or frank gout may be precipitated in patients receiving thiazide therapy. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases urinary calcium excretion and may cause elevations of serum calcium. Monitor calcium levels

Postsympathectomy Patients The antihypertensive effects of the drug may be enhanced in the post-sympathectomy patient. 5. 8 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Hydrochlorothiazide. Thiazide diuretics have been reported to cause exacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus. 5. 9 Acute Myopia and Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Hydrochlorothiazide, a sulfonamide, can cause an idiosyncratic reaction, resulting in acute transient myopia and acute angle-closure glaucoma. Symptoms include acute onset of decreased visual acuity or ocular pain and typically occur within hours to weeks of drug initiation. Untreated acute angle-closure glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss. The primary treatment is to discontinue hydrochlorothiazide as rapidly as possible. Prompt medical or surgical treatments may need to be considered if the intraocular pressure remains uncontrolled. Risk factors for developing acute angle-closure glaucoma may include a history of sulfonamide or penicillin allergy. 5. 10 Sprue-like Enteropathy Olmesartan medoxomil. Severe, chronic diarrhea with substantial weight loss has been reported in patients taking olmesartan months to years after drug initiation. Intestinal biopsies of patients often demonstrated villous atrophy. If a patient develops these symptoms during treatment with olmesartan, exclude other etiologies. Consider discontinuation of Tribenzor in cases where no other etiology is identified.

Olmesartan medoxomil: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS): May lead to increased risk of renal impairment and loss of antihypertensive effect. Dual inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system: Increased risk of renal impairment, hypotension, and hyperkalemia. Colesevelam hydrochloride: Consider administering olmesartan at least 4 hours before colesevelam hydrochloride dose. Lithium: Increases in serum lithium concentrations and lithium toxicity. Amlodipine: Limit simvastatin to 20 mg daily when coadministered. Increased exposure to cyclosporin and tacrolimus. Increased amlodipine exposure when coadministered with CYP3A inhibitors Hydrochlorothiazide: Antidiabetic drugs: Dosage adjustment of antidiabetic may be required. Cholestyramine and colestipol: Reduced absorption of thiazides. NSAIDs: Can reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of diuretics. 7. 1 Drug Interactions with Olmesartan Medoxomil Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents including Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors (COX-2 Inhibitors): In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, co-administration of NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, with angiotensin II receptor antagonists, including olmesartan medoxomil, may result in deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure. These effects are usually reversible. Monitor renal function periodically in patients receiving olmesartan medoxomil and NSAID therapy. The antihypertensive effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists, including olmesartan medoxomil may be attenuated by NSAIDs including selective COX-2 inhibitors. Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS): Dual blockade of the RAS with angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors, or aliskiren is associated with increased risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and changes in renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to monotherapy. Most patients receiving the combination of two RAS inhibitors do not obtain any additional benefit compared to monotherapy. In general, avoid combined use of RAS inhibitors. Closely monitor blood pressure, renal function and electrolytes in patients on Tribenzor and other agents that affect the RAS. Do not co-administer aliskiren with Tribenzor in patients with diabetes . Avoid use of aliskiren with Tribenzor in patients with renal impairment (GFR <60 ml/min). Use with Colesevelam Hydrochloride: Concurrent administration of bile acid sequestering agent colesevelam hydrochloride reduces the systemic exposure and peak plasma concentration of olmesartan. Administration of olmesartan at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam hydrochloride decreased the drug interaction effect. Consider administering olmesartan at least 4 hours before the colesevelam hydrochloride dose . Lithium: Increases in serum lithium concentrations and lithium toxicity have been reported with concomitant use of olmesartan or thiazide diuretics. Monitor lithium levels in patients receiving Tribenzor and lithium. 7. 2 Drug Interactions with Amlodipine Simvastatin: Co-administration of simvastatin with amlodipine increases the systemic exposure of simvastatin. Limit the dose of simvastatin in patients on amlodipine to 20 mg daily. . Immunosuppressants: Amlodipine may increase the systemic exposure of cyclosporine or tacrolimus when co-administered. Frequent monitoring of trough blood levels of cyclosporine and tacrolimus is recommended and adjust the dose when appropriate . CYP3A Inhibitors: Co-administration of amlodipine with CYP3A inhibitors (moderate and strong) results in increased systemic exposure to amlodipine and may require dose reduction. Monitor for symptoms of hypotension and edema when amlodipine is co-administered with CYP3A inhibitors to determine the need for dose adjustment. CYP3A Inducers: No information is available on the quantitative effects of CYP3A inducers on amlodipine. Blood pressure should be closely monitored when amlodipine is co-administered with CYP3A inducers. 7. 3 Drug Interactions with Hydrochlorothiazide When administered concurrently the following drugs may interact with thiazide diuretics: Antidiabetic Drugs (oral agents and insulin) : Dosage adjustment of the antidiabetic drug may be required. Cholestyramine and Colestipol Resins : Absorption of hydrochlorothiazide is impaired in the presence of anionic exchange resins. Single dose of either cholestyramine or colestipol resins bind the hydrochlorothiazide and reduce its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract by up to 85% and 43%, respectively. Corticosteroids, ACTH : Intensified electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs : In some patients the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent can reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. Therefore, when hydrochlorothiazide tablets and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are used concomitantly, the patients should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect of the diuretic is obtained.